后綴-ize,-ise含義、來源和詞例

漢：動(dòng)詞后綴ize意為"make",表示“使成...狀態(tài)”、“使...化”等意思，英式英語中也使用-ise。 -ize 的源頭希臘語，經(jīng)由拉本語與法語進(jìn)入英語。從法語引入的這類借詞都以-ize結(jié)尾，所以，許多相關(guān)派生詞有兩種拼法，但以-ize為常用（-ize 結(jié)尾的常用詞就有400多個(gè)）。-ize一般作為派生詞綴在形容詞或名詞后面，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，表示to make ～(使成為...,使...化），to become～(變成～），to engage or use～(使用...）,to treat in the way of ～(按...方式處理），to act like～(像...一樣行動(dòng)）等。-ize 構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞多是及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞為數(shù)很少。順便指出，與-ize對(duì)應(yīng)的表示行為與行為者名詞后綴常常是-ization與-izer。-ize 作原生后綴的情況較少見。

英：word-forming element used to make verbs, Middle English -isen, from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein.

English picked up the French form, but partially reverted to the correct Greek -z- spelling from late 16c. In Britain, despite the opposition (at least formerly) of OED, Encyclopaedia Britannica, the "Times of London," and Fowler, -ise remains dominant. Fowler thinks this is to avoid the difficulty of remembering the short list of common words not from Greek which must be spelled with an -s- (e.g. advertise, devise, surprise).

1.decentralize
v.give greater powers for self-government,etc.地方分權(quán)
例句：Granting local autonomy was the first major step of South Korea's decentralization process.賦予地方自治權(quán)是韓國地方分權(quán)化進(jìn)程中的第一個(gè)重要步驟。

2.idolize
v.make an idol of ,love or admire to excess 偶像化，崇拜偶像*idol(=image)
例句：Teenaged girls idolized the rock band's members.十幾歲的女孩子們很崇拜那個(gè)搖滾樂隊(duì)的成員。

3.pulverize
v.grind to powder,smash completely 搗，研磨成粉；徹底粉碎*pulver(=dust)
例句：Chicken bones are pulverize,mixed with manure and sold as fertilizer.雞骨頭被磨成粉摻在農(nóng)家肥里，然后被當(dāng)作肥料出售。

4.stigmatize
v.describe somebody scornfully 誣蔑，貶低 *stig(=prick,mark)
例句：I refuse to be stigmatized as a liberal!我拒絕被誣蔑為自由主義者。

5.tantalize
v.keep just out of reach something that somebody desires;raise hopes that cannot be realized 使干著急；挑逗*tantal[=(king)Tantalus]
例如：She tantalizes the boys,but has never accepted any of their advances.她挑逗那些男孩子，但卻從不接受他們中任何人的求愛。

6.temporize
v.delay making a decision,giving an answer,stating one's purpose etc;act so as to gain time;compromise拖延決定、回答、說明目的等；（為爭取時(shí)間）應(yīng)付；妥協(xié) *tempor(=time)
例如：John tried temporizing,but i demanded he give me a straight answer without delay.約翰試圖拖延時(shí)間，但我要求他給我一個(gè)直接的答復(fù)，別再拖延。

7.vitalize
v.fill with vitality;put vigor into 賦予生命力；使有生氣 *vit(=life)
例如：An infusion of investment has vitalized the Vietnamese economy.引進(jìn)勢將投資為越南經(jīng)濟(jì)注入活力。

8.ostracize
v.shut out from society;refuse to meet ,talk to ,etc. 放逐；排斥 *ostrac(=shell)
例如：The ancient Greeks ostracized a dangerous citizen by public vote.古希臘人通過分投驅(qū)逐危險(xiǎn)公民。