過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1、概述
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
The reporter said that the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.那位記者說(shuō)他看見(jiàn)UFO時(shí)，它正由東向西飛行。
I don't think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.我想吉姆沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我；他當(dāng)時(shí)正在凝視天空。
2、構(gòu)成
構(gòu)成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常由“助動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。was not常簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為wasn't, were not簡(jiǎn)略為weren't。
-Hey, look where you are going? 喂，看你上哪了？
-Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I wasn't noticing．噢，實(shí)在對(duì)不起，我剛才沒(méi)留神。
It was raining when we left school.我們離開(kāi)學(xué)校的時(shí)候正在下雨。
What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時(shí)，你正在干什么？
3、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表明。
I first met Lisa three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我三年前第一次遇見(jiàn)麗莎時(shí)。她在一家無(wú)線電商店工作。
The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields.我最后一次見(jiàn)簡(jiǎn)，她正在地里摘棉花。
Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.湯姆溜進(jìn)了那所房因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)人注意他。
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning.今早六點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)正在下雨。
I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我正在畫(huà)馬。
（2）表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.舍利去年在寫(xiě)一本有關(guān)中國(guó)的書(shū)，但我不知道他是否完成。
They were building a dam last winter.去年冬天他們?cè)诮ù髩巍?/p>
I was living in my teacher's house when I was in middle school.上中學(xué)時(shí)，我住在老師家里。
在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如果表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)行，而不考慮動(dòng)作的先后長(zhǎng)短，則主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.我在公園散步的時(shí)候，我的鋼筆掉到地上了。
When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我進(jìn)屋的時(shí)候，她正坐在書(shū)桌前面。
The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.學(xué)生們?cè)诳磿?shū)，而老師在批改他們的家庭作業(yè)。
（3）用來(lái)描寫(xiě)故事發(fā)生的背景
在口語(yǔ)或記敘代中，可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的持續(xù)動(dòng)作作為背景，以此引出由一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的新動(dòng)作。
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，狂風(fēng)大作，大雨傾盆，一位年輕的婦女突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上。
Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger.瑪麗在縫衣服時(shí)，突然扎破了手。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他剛要人睡，這時(shí)突然聽(tīng)到有人砸門(mén)。
（4）代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.他們想知道我們什么時(shí)候去上海。
She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她問(wèn)我他是否第二天就走。
（5）表達(dá)褒貶等感情色彩
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等連用，表示說(shuō)話人的主觀感情，如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、厭煩等。
He was always trying out new ideas.他總是試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。
He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨這怨那。
（6）wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語(yǔ)氣
-Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? --打擾了,先生。你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？
-Of course. What is it? --當(dāng)然。什么事？
-I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form. --我一直在想你是否能告訴我怎樣填這張表。
-What were you wanting?你要什么？
- I was hoping you would help me with the work.我希望你能幫我做這項(xiàng)工作。
4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法比較
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)（強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性動(dòng)作）；而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)的動(dòng)作）。
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.瑪麗昨晚給她的朋友寫(xiě)了封信。（寫(xiě)完了）
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.瑪麗昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫(xiě)信。（不一定寫(xiě)完）
We built a bridge last winter.去年冬天我們修了一座橋。（建成了）
We were building a bridge last winter.去年冬于我們?cè)谛抟蛔鶚?。（一直在修，不涉及結(jié)果）
As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.奶奶讀報(bào)時(shí)睡著了。