過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的典型例題解析
正如我們通常要在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及條件狀語(yǔ)從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)一樣，如果在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，因語(yǔ)義的需要而使過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，那么應(yīng)改用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
他說(shuō)要是第二天下雨他們就待在家里。
誤：He said they would stay at home if it would rain the next day.
正：He said they would stay at home if it rained the next day.
另外，當(dāng)by the time后接一個(gè)句子起將狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其后的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如下面是北京卷的一道高考題：
When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ______ up, her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang
分析：C。從邏輯上說(shuō)，當(dāng)我在電話里和奶奶聊天時(shí)，她的聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)很虛弱；但到我們要掛電話時(shí)，她的聲音又充滿朝氣。從邏輯上說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是“奶奶的聲音又充滿朝氣”在先，“我們掛斷電話”在后，如果是反過(guò)來(lái)的話，那說(shuō)話者就無(wú)法聽(tīng)知道“奶奶的聲音又充滿朝氣”之回事了。所以“掛斷電話”應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另外，由于by the time后接句子引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D不能選。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)典型考題：
1. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed
分析：A。根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞predict（預(yù)計(jì)）的意思可知，從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即指預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生某事。又如：
She predicted that the improvement would continue. 她預(yù)測(cè)情況將繼續(xù)好轉(zhuǎn)。
2. He didn’t sell half as many videos as he thought he ______.
A. had B. would C. was D. sold
分析：B。he would為he would sell之省略，為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的情況。句意為：他售出的錄像帶還不到他設(shè)想的一半。又如：
It’s curious (that) Billy hasn’t phoned when he promised he would. 比利答應(yīng)要打電話來(lái)的，但一直沒(méi)有打，這很反常。