英語倒裝句的用法講解
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，英語中常用倒裝。倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did等,并將其置于主語之前?，F(xiàn)將倒裝句分類講解如下：
1. 以here，there，now，then等地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間副詞開頭的句子,謂語動(dòng)詞是be, come, go, remain等，而主語又是名詞時(shí)，用全部倒裝。注意：如果句子的主語是代詞時(shí)，則不倒裝。如：Here comes the bus!/ Here it comes!
2. 有些動(dòng)詞與副詞out，in，up，down，away等構(gòu)成不及物動(dòng)詞短語。為了使句子更生動(dòng)，常將這些副詞提前到句首，這時(shí)用全部倒裝。注意：句子的主語是代詞時(shí)，則不倒裝。如：Up went the rocket. / Up it went.
3. 將表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語放在句首進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，使用全部倒裝。謂語動(dòng)詞常為不及物動(dòng)詞。如： From the window came the sound of music.
4. 當(dāng)句子主語部分較長(zhǎng)，謂語部分較短，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)句子的表語時(shí),常使用全部倒裝。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+系動(dòng)詞+主語”。如： Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
5. if虛擬條件狀語從句中，如果將連詞if省略，需用部分倒裝。如：Were I you, I would go there.
6. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝有如下幾種形式：
1) 從句的謂語部分為“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”時(shí)，常將此副詞提前到從句句首。如：Hard as you try, you will not succeed.
2) 從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不及物動(dòng)詞”時(shí)，常將此動(dòng)詞提前到從句句首。如： Wait as you may, he will not see you.
3) 從句的謂語部分是“系動(dòng)詞+形容詞”時(shí)，常將此表語形容詞提前到從句句首。如： Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
4) 從句的謂語部分是“系動(dòng)詞+單數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，則常將這個(gè)表語提前，但要省略名詞前的不定冠詞。如： Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.
7. 具有(半)否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。如：seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly...when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等。如： Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
8. “only+狀語”位于句首時(shí), 用部分倒裝。如：Only then did I know the importance of English.
9. so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so 連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提前放在句首。如： So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.
10. 最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下:
1)only +狀語或狀語從句置于句首，被該狀語修飾的句子用部分倒裝。
例子:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
2) hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。