代詞（that, it，one等的區(qū)別）
代詞one, it，that的用法在歷屆高考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)實(shí)踐在此談?wù)勊鼈兊囊恍┚唧w用法，希望能對同學(xué)們有一定的幫助。
籠統(tǒng)地說，it指代的是同類同物，that指代的是同類異物，one指的是上下文中提到的同類事物中的一個(gè)。以下是具體的區(qū)別：
1.one, it, that常常用來代替或避免重復(fù)某個(gè)名詞。例如：
①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.
②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.
③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.
2.one可指人或物，只替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)用ones. One是泛指，但有限定修飾語，如the, this, that…修飾就變成了特指。如：
①One must do one's duty.
②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.
③The new designs are much better than the old ones.
3.that只指物，不指人，可替代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，具有“特指”性質(zhì)。指的是同類事物中的另一樣?xùn)|西，即同類異物。如：The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一個(gè)圖書館。)
4．One 和that 在代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，如果沒有前置定語只有后置定語時(shí)，the one 和that可互換。但該名詞如有前置定語，則只能用the one,而不能用that。簡單的說，就是one相當(dāng)于an/a+名詞，that相當(dāng)于the+名詞。例如：
①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那個(gè)座位旁邊。
②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替換 )。
5．That的復(fù)數(shù)形式those代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。可指人或物，一般后面跟修飾語。如：
①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.
②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.
6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名詞做定語從句的先行詞時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞which在that之后，which不能省略，而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如：
①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.
7.代替不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該用that。如：The equipment is different from that.
8.it代替上文所提到的名詞時(shí)，是指同類事物中的同一樣?xùn)|西，即同類事物。如：I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.
9.it和that可代替前面整個(gè)句子的意思，而one卻不能；that可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)限定性定語從句，代替某個(gè)先行詞（單復(fù)數(shù)名詞均可），it和one則不能；it可代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句，用作形式主語或形式賓語，也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，而one和that則不能。