by surprise

基本解釋

He was rooted to the spot by surprise.
他驚訝得一動不動地站在原地。
They were constantly on the alert not to be taken by surprise.
他們一直處于常備不懈狀態(tài)以防突然襲擊。
《新英漢大辭典》
The Armies were constantly on the alert not to be taken by surprise.
部隊一直處于警戒狀態(tài)以防突然襲擊。
《新英漢大辭典》

The flooding caught most people by surprise.
They can't imagine -they don't have the power of imagination to think what the next crisis will be like, so it catches them by surprise.
他們無法想象,他們根本想象不出,下次危機爆發(fā)是什么樣,所以危機發(fā)生時他們措手不及
耶魯公開課 - 金融市場課程節(jié)選
This was a tremendous embarrassment to the Bank of England and Mervyn King, who was a very good governor of the Bank of England; but this apparently took him by surprise.
這使英格蘭銀行及其行長金默文,陷入窘迫境地,雖然他曾是英格蘭銀行非常杰出的管理者,但這次擠兌顯然出乎他的預(yù)料
耶魯公開課 - 金融市場課程節(jié)選

The personal computer took America by surprise, and then by storm, in the late 1970s.
FORBES: 2002 hangs on these