hardly

音標發(fā)音

hardly是具有否定意義的副詞,基本意思是“幾乎不,幾乎沒有,很少”。修飾表示能力的詞,可表示事實上不可能,暗示“困難”之意。
hardly常修飾動態(tài)動詞或系表結(jié)構(gòu),位于實義動詞之前,系動詞、情態(tài)動詞、第一個助動詞之后。hardly也可修飾名詞、代詞、形容詞。hardly位于句首時,句子須借助助動詞構(gòu)成倒裝語序。
hardly本身含有否定意味,句中不可再使用其他否定詞,用于反意疑問句時,附加問句需用肯定式。
hardly常用于hardly had...when結(jié)構(gòu),意為“剛…就…”,表示一件事緊接著一件事發(fā)生,與過去完成時連用。when引導時間狀語從句時,主句一般用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。hardly置于句首時,助動詞had要放在主句的主語前。
hardly常與any連用,意為“幾乎沒有”。

You use hardly to modify a statement when you want to emphasize that it is only a small amount or detail which makes it true, and that therefore it is best to consider the opposite statement as being true.
You use hardly in expressions such as hardly ever, hardly any, and hardly anyone to mean almost never, almost none, or almost no one. (ever)(,)(any)(,)(anyone)
You use hardly before a negative statement in order to emphasize that something is usually true or usually happens.
When you say you can hardly do something, you are emphasizing that it is very difficult for you to do it.
You use hardly to mean "not" when you want to suggest that you are expecting your listener or reader to agree with your comment.
You use "hardly" to mean "no," especially when you want to express surprise or annoyance at a statement that you disagree with.