scratch

音標(biāo)發(fā)音

• 英式音標(biāo) [skr?t?]
• 美式音標(biāo) [skr?t?]
• 國(guó)際音標(biāo) [skr?t?]
• 英式發(fā)音
• 美式發(fā)音

基本解釋

• n. 擦傷；抓痕；刮擦聲；亂寫(xiě)
• adj. 打草稿用的；湊合的；碰巧的
• vt. 抓；刮；挖出；亂涂
• vi. 抓；搔；發(fā)刮擦聲；勉強(qiáng)糊口；退出比賽

詞源解說(shuō)

• 1474年進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)，直接源自中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)的scratten and crachen，意為抓。

同根派生

• adj性質(zhì)的同根詞

  scratchy：潦草的；刺癢的；草率的；發(fā)刮擦聲的。

• n性質(zhì)的同根詞

  scratcher：抓扒者；抓扒工具。

• scratch相關(guān)詞

用法辨析

v. (動(dòng)詞)

• scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用帶光(而非帶刃)的東西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮線或穿孔。動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者多沒(méi)有明確的目的,而動(dòng)作的承受者多受到一定程度的損害。引申可表示“刮傷”“勾掉”“刻畫(huà)”“艱難地謀生”“退出比賽”等。
• scratch既可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),接名詞、代詞作賓語(yǔ)。

• scratch使用方法
• scratch詳細(xì)辨析

英漢例句

用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)

用作不及物動(dòng)詞: S+～(+A)

• The dog is always scratching.
  那條狗老是搔癢。

用作及物動(dòng)詞: S+～+ n./pron.

• He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.
  他有一種奇怪的習(xí)慣,一講話就搔耳朵。

用作名詞 (n.)

• His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.
  他的狗想進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)就用爪子抓門。

• scratch更多例句

詞組短語(yǔ)

用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)

～+名詞

• scratch one 's legs 刺傷雙腿
• scratch a hole 扒坑
• scratch the table 劃壞桌子

～+副詞

• scratch eagerly 熱心地勾掉
• scratch inadvertently 非故意地刮傷
• scratch industriously 勤奮地抓

• scratch更多詞組

英英字典

劍橋英英字典

• (CUT) to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough
• (REMOVE) to remove yourself or another person or an animal from a competition before the start
• (STOP) to decide not to do something you had planned to do
• a mark made by scratching
• a group of people brought together in a hurry in order to play together on a particular occasion

柯林斯英英字典

• If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
• If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
• Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
• If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
• If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

• scratch劍橋字典
• scratch柯林斯字典

專業(yè)釋義

計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)

• 擦除(數(shù)據(jù)等)
• 刮
• 刮痕
• 暫用

能源科學(xué)技術(shù)

• 劃傷

  The silicon wafer of IC manufacturing is required not only high degree of the plane, minimum surface roughness but also without metamorphic layer and scratch on the surface.
  制造IC的硅片不僅要求極高的平面度，極小的表面粗糙度，而且要求表面無(wú)變質(zhì)層、無(wú)劃傷。

  機(jī)械工程

• 劃痕

  The microhardness,binding force,porosity,the anti-corrosive and wear resistant performances are studied by using Vickers microhardness microscope,scratch tester, corrosive test,NSS and wear testing machine.
  利用顯微維氏硬度計(jì)、涂層附著力劃痕儀、腐蝕法、中性鹽霧試驗(yàn)法（NSS）以及磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)鎳基TiN納米復(fù)合鍍層和鎳鍍層的顯微硬度、結(jié)合力、孔隙率、耐腐蝕性能和耐磨性能等進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究分析。

• 刮傷

體育

• (賽馬等)退出比賽，棄權(quán)：
• 失誤；僥幸擊中
• 未得分
• 零分

農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)

• 馬腳葡萄瘡