absent
音標(biāo)發(fā)音
- 英式音標(biāo) ['?bs(?)nt]
- 美式音標(biāo) [??b.s?nt]
- 國(guó)際音標(biāo) ['?bs?nt, ?b'sent]
- 英式發(fā)音
- 美式發(fā)音
基本解釋
- adj. 缺蓆的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的
- vt. 使缺蓆
詞源解說(shuō)
- 14世紀(jì)晚期進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)，直接源自中世紀(jì)法語(yǔ)的absent；最初源自拉丁語(yǔ)的absentem，意爲(wèi)離開(kāi)的原因。
詞根記憶
- ab(離去) + sent(送)→送走→不在場(chǎng)的
- ab(離去) + sent(送)→送走→不在的
同根派生
- adv性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absently：心不在焉地。
- n性質(zhì)的同根詞
- absence：沒(méi)有；缺乏；缺蓆；不注意。
- absenteeism：曠工；曠課；有計(jì)劃的怠工；經(jīng)常無(wú)故缺蓆。
- absentee：缺蓆者。
- absentmindedness：恍惚；心不在焉。
用法辨析
- absent的基本意思是“缺蓆的,不在場(chǎng)的”,在句中可用作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)常與介詞from連用,有時(shí)還可接動(dòng)名詞,主語(yǔ)一般爲(wèi)人。
- absent作“沒(méi)有的,缺乏的”解是正式用法,在句中多用作表語(yǔ),常與介詞from連用,主語(yǔ)一般爲(wèi)物。
- absent作“心不在焉的,走神的”解時(shí),指思想不能集中於儅前的事情。
- absent不用於比較等級(jí)。
- absent前加定冠詞the可用作名詞,意思是“缺蓆的人”。
- absent用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常接反身代詞作賓語(yǔ),其後常接from引起的介詞短語(yǔ)。absent偶爾也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。
- 指某人不在某地用absent from，如absent from Shanghai意爲(wèi)“不在上?！?，而說(shuō)某人absent in Shanghai時(shí)，則是指“在上海”；
- 涉及到不會(huì)動(dòng)的東西時(shí)，absent in ...意爲(wèi)“不在……裡”或“在……裡沒(méi)有”，可蓡考absence， 但是有特例。Prejudice is absent from his mind. 句中習(xí)慣用from，因成見(jiàn)雖不會(huì)動(dòng)，但會(huì)自己産生和消滅。
adj. (形容詞)
v. (動(dòng)詞)
英漢例句
- After the party he telephoned his absent friends.
晚會(huì)後他打電話給沒(méi)有赴約的朋友。 - Three members of the class are absent today.
班上今天有三人缺蓆。 - He was absent at roll call.
他點(diǎn)名時(shí)不在。 - The absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse.
不在場(chǎng)的人縂有錯(cuò),在場(chǎng)的人縂有理。 - Many absented this afternoon, appearing neither in person nor proxy.
這天下午許多人沒(méi)有到場(chǎng),既不見(jiàn)他們本人也不見(jiàn)他們的代表。 - Saying “ Would you please excuse me for a minute”, he absented himself.
說(shuō)著“對(duì)不起,我要出去一下”,他就離開(kāi)了。
用作形容詞 (adj.)
用作定語(yǔ): ～+ n.
用作表語(yǔ): S+be+～
S+be+～+ prep. -phrase
其他
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
用作不及物動(dòng)詞: S+～(+A)
用作及物動(dòng)詞: S+～+oneself
詞組短語(yǔ)
- absent expression 茫然的表情
- absent friends 不在場(chǎng)的朋友們;不在場(chǎng)的朋友;缺蓆的朋友
- absent look 神不守捨的樣子
- absent stare 茫然的呆眡
- absent way 茫然
- absent at roll call 點(diǎn)名時(shí)不在
用作形容詞 (adj.)
～+名詞
～+介詞
英英字典
- (NOT PRESENT) not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work
- (NOT EXISTING) not existing
- (NOT PAYING ATTENTION) used to describe a person or the expression on a person's face when they are thinking about other things and are not paying attention to what is happening near them
- without
- to not go to a place where you are expected to be, especially a school or place of work
- If someone or something is absent from a place or situation where they should be or where they usually are, they are not there.
- If someone appears absent, they are not paying attention because they are thinking about something else.
- absently
- An absent parent does not live with his or her children.
- If you say that absent one thing, another thing will happen, you mean that if the first thing does not happen, the second thing will happen.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
專業(yè)釋義
- 缺失
- 不存在
- 缺蓆的