tough

音標(biāo)發(fā)音

• 英式音標(biāo) [t?f]
• 美式音標(biāo) [t?f]
• 國(guó)際音標(biāo) [t?f]
• 英式發(fā)音
• 美式發(fā)音

基本解釋

• adj. 艱苦的，睏難的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，不屈不撓的；堅(jiān)靭的，牢固的；強(qiáng)壯的，結(jié)實(shí)的
• n. 惡棍
• vt. 堅(jiān)持；忍受，忍耐
• adv. 強(qiáng)硬地，頑強(qiáng)地
• n. (Tough)人名；(英)圖赫

詞源解說(shuō)

• 直接源自古英語(yǔ)的toh；最初源自古日耳曼語(yǔ)的tankhuz，意爲(wèi)睏難的。

詞根記憶

• “塔夫”→像塔一樣的壯夫→強(qiáng)健的

同根派生

• adv性質(zhì)的同根詞

  toughly：固執(zhí)地；強(qiáng)硬地。

• n性質(zhì)的同根詞

  toughness：[力]靭性；強(qiáng)??；有粘性。

• vi性質(zhì)的同根詞

  toughen：變堅(jiān)靭；變頑固。

• vt性質(zhì)的同根詞

  toughen：使…堅(jiān)靭；使…頑固。

• toughish adj. 有點(diǎn)兒強(qiáng)硬的

• tough相關(guān)詞

用法辨析

• tough作形容詞時(shí)可表示“兇惡的”的意思，還可作名詞表示“惡棍”的意思，都是美式英語(yǔ)的用法。

• tough使用方法
• tough詳細(xì)辨析

英漢例句

用作形容詞 (adj.)

用作定語(yǔ): ～+ n.

• He has a tough character.
  他有一個(gè)堅(jiān)靭的性格。

用作表語(yǔ): S+be+～

• He is dreadfully tough.
  他極其粗魯。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

• They are very tough on drunk drivers.
  他們對(duì)酒後駕車(chē)者十分嚴(yán)格。

S+be+～+to- v

• He is tough to work with.
  他很難共事。

• tough更多例句

詞組短語(yǔ)

用作形容詞 (adj.)

～+名詞

• tough competition 激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

副詞+～

• dreadfully tough 極其粗魯?shù)?/li>

  ～+動(dòng)詞

• tough to work with 很難與…共事

～+介詞

• tough on 對(duì)…很?chē)?yán)格

短語(yǔ)

• Tough fight 打硬仗;攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)
• Tough Mudder 國(guó)際障礙大賽;最強(qiáng)泥人;泥巴硬漢
• tough shooting 難爆破的
• Tough Steel 靭性鋼
• wire tough 引線(xiàn)托觸;引線(xiàn)張力

• tough更多詞組

英英字典

劍橋英英字典

• (STRONG) strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated
• (DIFFICULT) difficult to do or to deal with
• (FOOD) Tough food is difficult to cut or eat.
• (VIOLENT) likely to be violent or to contain violence; not kind or pleasant
• (UNLUCKY) unlucky
• a violent person

柯林斯英英字典

• A tough person is strong and determined, and can tolerate difficulty or suffering.
• toughness
• If you describe someone as tough, you mean that they are rough and violent.
• A tough place or area is considered to have a lot of crime and violence.
• A tough way of life or period of time is difficult or full of suffering.
• A tough task or problem is difficult to do or solve.
• Tough policies or actions are strict and firm.
• A tough substance is strong, and difficult to break, cut, or tear.
• Tough meat is difficult to cut and chew.

• tough劍橋字典
• tough柯林斯字典

專(zhuān)業(yè)釋義

化學(xué)

• 增靭

  Many methods have been developed. One of the most successful methods is to cure epoxy resin by using tough curing agent contained soft segments component.
  環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂的增靭改性方法很多，採(cǎi)用分子結(jié)搆中含柔性鏈段的固化劑，固化竝增靭環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂的方法，具有環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂的力學(xué)性能受影響小，工藝簡(jiǎn)單，加工方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

  經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

• 喫苦耐勞

交通運(yùn)輸工程

• 堅(jiān)靭的