介詞with用法

with是一個(gè)十分有用的介詞，其用法也比較復(fù)雜，以下用法值得注意：

1. 表示方式、手段或工具等時(shí)（=以，用），注意不要受漢語(yǔ)意思的影響而用錯(cuò)搭配，如“用英語(yǔ)”習(xí)慣上用in English，而不是with English。

2. 與某些抽象名詞連用時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。如：

with care=carefully 認(rèn)真地

with kindness=kindly 親切地

with joy=joyfully 高興地

with anger=angrily 生氣地

with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲傷地

with ease=easily 容易地

with delight=delightedly 高興地

with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地

3. 表示條件時(shí)，根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。如：

With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢(qián)多一點(diǎn)，我就買(mǎi)得起了。

With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設(shè)備好些，我們完成這項(xiàng)工作還要快些。

4. 比較with和as：兩者均可表示“隨著”，但前者是介詞，后接名詞或代詞；后者是連詞，用于引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子。比較：

He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他會(huì)進(jìn)步的。

People's ideas change with the change of the times. 時(shí)代變了，人們的觀念也會(huì)變化。

5. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它在句中主要用作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨、原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式等；其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等。如：

(1) with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常開(kāi)著窗睡覺(jué)。

Don't speak with your mouth full. 不要滿(mǎn)嘴巴食物說(shuō)話(huà)。

(2) with+賓語(yǔ)+ 副詞

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭 站在老師面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。

(3) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 介詞短語(yǔ)

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說(shuō)了聲再見(jiàn)。

The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 這個(gè)人頭枕著胳膊睡著了。

(4) with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒(méi)熄燈就睡著了。

I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因?yàn)閶寢層胁? 我無(wú)法去度假。

(5) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門(mén)在房里工作。

(6) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞不定式

I can't go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服, 我無(wú)法出去了。

With such good cadres to carry out the Party's policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策, 我們感到放心。

(7) with +賓語(yǔ)+ 名詞

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時(shí)，女兒還是個(gè)小學(xué)生。